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| SHORT COMMUNICATION |
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| Year : 2018 | Volume
: 17
| Issue : 2 | Page : 100-103 |
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A working classification proposed for indices based on dental specialties in dental research
Thorakkal Shamim
Department of Dentistry, Government Taluk Head Quarters Hospital, Malappuram, Kerala, India
| Date of Web Publication | 26-Nov-2018 |
Correspondence Address:
Dr. Thorakkal Shamim
Department of Dentistry, Government Taluk Head Quarters Hospital, Malappuram - 676 519, Kerala
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
DOI: 10.4103/MJ.MJ_26_18
In dentistry, indices are values that are assigned to quantify the incidence, prevalence, and severity of disease. This paper calls attention to a working classification proposed for indices based on its relationship with nine dental specialties with literature search of indices used in dental research in the PubMed database. Keywords: Dental research, dental specialties, indices, proposed, working classification
How to cite this article:
Shamim T. A working classification proposed for indices based on dental specialties in dental research. Mustansiriya Med J 2018;17:100-3 |
| Introduction | |  |
Indices are epidemiological tools used to study the incidence, prevalence, and severity of dental diseases.[1] There is no working classification for indices based on its relationship with other dental specialties in the literature. This short communication calls attention to a working classification for common indices based on nine dental specialties, namely oral pathology and microbiology, oral medicine and radiology, oral and maxillofacial surgery, orthodontics, prosthodontics, pedodontics, conservative dentistry and endodontics, periodontics, and community dentistry with applications used in dental research [Table 1]. The literature search of indices used in dental research is done in the PubMed database. | Table 1: A working classification proposed for indices based on dental specialties in dental research
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| Oral Pathology and Microbiology | | |
The indices used in oral pathology and microbiology specialty include prognostic indices in oral epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma and indices for enamel defects of tooth. The apoptotic and proliferative indices are prognostic indices which are helpful to detect surgical intervention of potentially malignant and malignant squamous cell lesions of the oral cavity.[2] Mitotic index is a prognostic index in oral epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma showing an increased stem cell turnover.[3] The indices for enamel defects of tooth include index for developmental defects of enamel, developmental defects of enamel index, and modified developmental defects of dental enamel index. The indices for enamel defects of tooth are calibrated among preschool children in different populations across the globe.[4],[5]
| Oral Medicine and Radiology | | |
The indices used in oral medicine and radiology specialty include indices for bone mineral density and bone quality evaluation. The panoramic mandibular index is useful for bone quality evaluation.[6] Panoramic mandibular index, mandibular cortical index, and mental index are used to assess osteoporosis in premenopausal and postmenopausal, periodontally healthy, and chronic periodontitis women.[7] Antegonial index, mental index, panoramic mandibular index, and mandibular cortical index values are found to be smaller among male patients with osteoporosis than normal males.[8]
| Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery | | |
The indices used in oral and maxillofacial surgery specialty include indices for orthognathic surgery. Index of orthognathic functional treatment need is used to study the eligibility for orthognathic surgery, and digital models are best alternative to plaster casts for determining the treatment need.[9],[10] Peer Assessment Rating is superior to the American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System in assessing the orthognathic surgery treatment outcome.[11]
| Orthodontics | | |
The indices used in orthodontics specialty include indices for sexual dimorphism, race identification, and orthodontic treatment. Sexual dimorphism is calibrated from the mandibular canine index and mandibular first molar index; race identification from the cephalic index.[12] The index of orthodontic treatment needs to measure the necessity for orthodontic treatment needs in various populations.[13],[14] Salzmann index is also used to assess orthodontic treatment priority.[15]
| Prosthodontics | | |
The indices used in prosthodontics specialty include indices for prosthodontics treatment, teeth selection for prosthodontic treatment, and bite-mark analysis. The prosthodontic diagnostic index is to assess prosthodontics treatment and is done to classify partially edentulous patients and completely dentate patients in a dental school.[16] Berry's index is usually used for teeth selection for prosthodontic treatment, and now it is used widely in bite analysis by providing the facial proportions of an individual from the width of the central incisors.[17],[18]
| Pedodontics | | |
The indices used in pedodontics specialty include indices for dental caries. Decayed-extracted-filled primary teeth index, dental caries severity index for primary teeth and pulpal involvement-roots-sepsis index, and caries assessment spectrum and treatment index are common indices used in the pediatric population.[19],[20]
| Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics | | |
Conservative dentistry and endodontics specialty use the PUFA index which records the severely decayed teeth with visible pulpal involvement (P/p), ulceration caused by dislocated tooth fragments (U/u), fistula (F/f), and abscess (A/a).[21] More recently, a cross-sectional study was done to correlate PUFA index and oral health-related quality of life of a rural population in India.[22]
| Periodontics and Community Dentistry | | |
The indices used in periodontics and community dentistry specialties include indices for oral hygiene, oral health, dental health, dental plaque, dental calculus, dental debris, dental caries, dental fluorosis, gingivitis, periodontitis, and periodontal treatment. A detailed description of indices related to periodontics and community dentistry is already available in standard textbooks, and it is not detailed in this paper.
| Conclusion | | |
This paper gives an insight to aspiring dental researchers about various indices used in dental research so that active collaboration between different dental specialties will be possible for quantifiable research globally.
Financial support and sponsorship
Nil.
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
| References | | |
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| 17. | Antony PJ, Pillai KS, George GB, Varghese T, Puthalath MS, Arakkal LJ, et al. Applicability of berry's index in bite mark analysis. J Forensic Dent Sci 2015;7:28-31. [ PUBMED] [Full text] |
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| 19. | Tiwari S, Dubey A, Singh B, Avinash A. Clinical consequences of untreated dental caries evaluated with the pulpal involvement-roots-sepsis index in the primary dentition of school children from the Raipur and Durg districts, Chhattisgarh state, India. Med Princ Pract 2015;24:184-8. |
| 20. | Baginska J, Rodakowska E, Wilczko M, Kierklo A. Caries assessment spectrum and treatment (CAST) index in the primary molars of 6- to 7-year-old polish children. Oral Health Prev Dent 2016;14:85-92. |
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| 22. | Praveen BH, Prathibha B, Reddy PP, Monica M, Samba A, Rajesh R, et al. Co relation between PUFA index and oral health related quality of life of a rural population in India: A Cross-sectional study. J Clin Diagn Res 2015;9:ZC39-42. |
[Table 1]
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Search Pubmed for